Plasticity of the Axon Initial Segment: Fast and Slow Processes with Multiple Functional Roles
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Plasticity of the Axon Initial Segment : Fast and Slow Processes with Multiple Functional Roles. / Petersen, Anders Victor; Cotel, Florence; Perrier, Jean François.
In: Neuroscientist, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2017, p. 364-373.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasticity of the Axon Initial Segment
T2 - Fast and Slow Processes with Multiple Functional Roles
AU - Petersen, Anders Victor
AU - Cotel, Florence
AU - Perrier, Jean François
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - The axon initial segment (AIS) is a key neuronal compartment because it is responsible for action potential initiation. The local density of Na+ channels, the biophysical properties of K+ channels, as well as the length and diameter of the AIS determine the spiking of neurons. These parameters undergo important modifications during development. The development of the AIS is governed by intrinsic mechanisms. In addition, surrounding neuronal networks modify its maturation. As a result, neurons get tuned to particular physiological functions. Neuronal activity also influences the morphology of the mature AIS. When excitatory neurons are hyperactive, their AIS undergo structural changes that decrease their excitability and thereby maintain the activity within a given range. These slow homeostatic regulatory mechanisms occur on a time scale of hours or days. In contrast, the activation of metabotropic receptors modulates the properties of ion channels expressed at the AIS within seconds and consequently produces fast adjustments of neuronal excitability. Recent results suggest that this plasticity plays important roles in physiological functions as diverse as memory formation, hearing, and motor control.
AB - The axon initial segment (AIS) is a key neuronal compartment because it is responsible for action potential initiation. The local density of Na+ channels, the biophysical properties of K+ channels, as well as the length and diameter of the AIS determine the spiking of neurons. These parameters undergo important modifications during development. The development of the AIS is governed by intrinsic mechanisms. In addition, surrounding neuronal networks modify its maturation. As a result, neurons get tuned to particular physiological functions. Neuronal activity also influences the morphology of the mature AIS. When excitatory neurons are hyperactive, their AIS undergo structural changes that decrease their excitability and thereby maintain the activity within a given range. These slow homeostatic regulatory mechanisms occur on a time scale of hours or days. In contrast, the activation of metabotropic receptors modulates the properties of ion channels expressed at the AIS within seconds and consequently produces fast adjustments of neuronal excitability. Recent results suggest that this plasticity plays important roles in physiological functions as diverse as memory formation, hearing, and motor control.
KW - action potential
KW - axon initial segment
KW - neuromodulation
KW - physiology
KW - plasticity
U2 - 10.1177/1073858416648311
DO - 10.1177/1073858416648311
M3 - Review
C2 - 27143656
AN - SCOPUS:85024479559
VL - 23
SP - 364
EP - 373
JO - The Neuroscientist
JF - The Neuroscientist
SN - 1073-8584
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 182124153